RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a composição fenólica da polpa de Jussara dos Estados brasileiros de Minas Gerais (MG) e Espírito Santo (ES) usando HPLC-DAD-MS / MS. Dezessete antocianinas foram detectadas, dentre elas, derivadas de cianidina, pelargonidina e peonidina. Dentre os compostos fenólicos não antociânicos, foram identificados flavonóis (derivados de caempferol, quercetina e isorhamnetina), flavan-3-ols (catequina, epicatequina, procianidinas do tipo B e dímeros desconhecidos) e resveratrol em sua forma glicosilada. Catequina (32,41-60,56 mg 100g-1) e epicatequina (18,86-40,92 mg 100g-1) foram os principais flavan-3-óis presentes nas frutas. As amostras apresentaram pequenas concentrações de glicosídeos resveratrol (0,02-0,91 mg 100g-1). A metodologia analítica utilizada (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS / MS) permitiu a identificação de novos compostos relatados presentes na composição da polpa de Jussara.

ABSTRACT: This research assessed the phenolic composition of Jussara pulp from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES) using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Seventeen anthocyanins were detected in fruits, derived from cyanidin, pelargonidin and peonidin. Among the non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds, flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin derivatives), flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, B-type procyanidins and unknown dimers) and resveratrol in its glycosylated form have been identified. Catechin (32.41-60.56 mg 100g-1) and epicatechin (18.86-40.92 mg 100g-1) were the main flavan-3-ols present in the fruits. The samples showed small concentrations of resveratrol glycosides (0.02-0.91 mg 100g-1). The analytical methodology used (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) permitted the identification of newly reported compounds in this fruit.

Abstract Background: There has been recent interest in the seric levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C reactive protein (PCR) as a marker of intraabdominal infection after a colorrectal surgery, however, the actual literature remains inconclusive. Objective: To test if C-Reactive Protein (PCR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as predictive factors of anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery. Method: Retrospective cohort, of patients with ileostomy or colostomy who had intestinal transit restitution by general surgeons in our center, from march 2018 to march 2020. Results: We registered 4 (36.4%) anastomotic leaks. We compared median PCR and PCT between group 1 (without anastomotic leak) and group 2 (with anastomotic leak). Median PCT3PO was 4.86 ng/ml in group 1 vs 13.7 ng/ml in group 2, and PCT5PO was 1.3071 ng/ml vs 6.74 ng/ml (DS: 5.04 vs. 11.53 and 0.779 vs. 10.44). Median PCR3PO and PCR5PO was 194.7 mg/l in group 1 vs 100.97 mg/l in group 2, and 159.8 mg/l vs 65.67 mg/l, (DS: 88.78 vs. 82.01 and 94.77 vs. 58.009). Conclusions: Persistent higher levels of seric PCR and PCT at 3rd and 5th postoperative day could be an anastomotic leackage. This biomarkers might be added as additional criteria of discharge.

Resumen Antecedentes: La medición sérica de procalcitonina (PCT) y proteína C reactiva (PCR) como marcadores de infección intraabdominal posterior a la cirugía colorrectal ha tomado interés en los recientes años, sin embargo, la literatura que existe en la actualidad no es concluyente. Objetivo: Evaluar los biomarcadores séricos de inflamación procalcitonina (PCT) y proteína C reactiva (PCR) como factores predictores para dehiscencia de anastomosis (DA) en cirugía colorrectal. Método: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con cirugía abdominal, con ileostomía o colostomía, que fueron protocolizados para restitución del tránsito intestinal por el departamento de cirugía general en un hospital de tercer nivel, de marzo de 2018 a marzo de 2020. Resultados: La DA ocurrió en 4 (36.4%) de 11 pacientes. Se comparó la media de dos grupos: el grupo 1 sin DA frente al grupo 2 que presentaron DA. Las concentraciones séricas de PCT3PO fueron de 4.86 ng/ml en el grupo 1 y 13.7 ng/ml en el grupo 2, y las de PCT5PO fueron de 1.3071 ng/ml y 6.74 ng/ml, respectivamente (desviación estándar [DE]: 5.04 vs. 11.53 y 0.779 vs. 10.44). Las concentraciones séricas de PCR3PO fueron de 194.7 mg/l en el grupo 1 y 100.97 mg/l en el grupo 2, y las de PCR5PO fueron de 159.8 mg/l y 65.67 mg/l, respectivamente (DE: 88.78 vs. 82.01 y 94.77 vs. 58.009). Conclusiones: La persistencia de valores elevados den PCR y PCT séricas al tercer y quinto día posoperatorios pudieran demostrar DA. Estos marcadores podrían agregarse como criterio de egreso.

Abstract Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to hygiene measures is an objective aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and protection measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study on health personnel handwashing at the five moments recommended by the World Health Organization, as well as on the use of specific personal protective equipment. Results: One hundred and seventeen hand hygiene opportunities were observed in health personnel. Hand washing was observed in 40 (34 %) and omission in 76 (65 %). Adherence to the use of face shield was observed in five (4 %), and lack of adherence in 112 (96%). Adherence to the use of face mask was observed in 65 nursing professionals (87 %), with appropriate use of the mask in 56 of them (60 %) and use of face shield in one (1 %). Conclusion: Health personnel showed low proportions of adherence to hand hygiene and use of equipment for specific protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el apego a las medidas de higiene es un objetivo para disminuir la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el apego a la higiene de manos y medidas de protección durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: Estudio transversal acerca del lavado de manos del personal de salud en los cinco tiempos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como sobre el uso del equipo de protección personal específico. Resultados: Fueron observadas 117 oportunidades de higiene de manos en personal de salud: 40 (34 %) respecto al lavado de manos y 76 (65 %) respecto a su omisión; sobre el apego al uso de careta en cinco (4 %) y sobre la falta de apego en 112 (96 %). Se identificó apego al uso de mascarilla en 65 profesionales de enfermería (87 %), uso adecuado de mascarilla en 56 de ellos (60 %) y uso de careta en uno (1 %.) Conclusión: El personal mostró baja proporción de apego a la higiene de manos y al uso de equipo para la protección específica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Paranormal beliefs, regardless of their veracity, clearly constitute an important dimension of human psychology. Survey work across the world reveals that around 50 % of people hold at least one paranormal belief. This figure is surprisingly high considering the lack of robust scientific evidence in support of the referred phenomena, and suggests the existence of resilient psychological mechanisms at the basis of the development and maintenance of such beliefs. Researchers in the area have proposed a diversity of explanations, exploring a large number of individual factors. However, despite the generous effort, we have not been able to develop a comprehensive explanatory model capable of accommodating the body of empirical findings. With this study we aimed to contribute towards a better understanding of paranormal belief as a multicausal phenomenon. In order to achieve this, we explored a set of variables related to the main perspectives in the literature. We used a sample of 184 subjects of very diverse nationalities, ages, and cultural backgrounds. We surveyed paranormal beliefs among our participants and observed that 71 % of the sample showed traditional religious beliefs, 34 % believed in psychic phenomena such as extrasensory perception or psychokinesis, 31 % in superstition, 23 % in witchcraft, and 39 % in anomalous natural phenomena such as astrology or extraordinary life forms. Eighty four per cent of the subjects responded positively to at least one of the 26 items of paranormal beliefs evaluated in the scale. A correlation analysis was conducted between the individuals’ traits and paranormal belief scores. Schizotypy (rxy = .23, p < .001), unusual experiences (rxy = .37, p < .001), introvertive anhedonia (rxy= .28, p < .001), conditional reasoning in tasks with paranormal content (rxy = .23, p = .001), need for affiliation (rxy = .21, p < .002), and report of subjective extraordinary experiences (rxy = .35, p < .001) correlated significantly with belief in the paranormal. These results are consistent with Russell and Jones' (1980) theory of compensation of basic needs and suggest that paranormal belief may rise in combination with premorbid signs of psychopathology. However, they suggest that belief in the paranormal may not be a consequence of a cognitive deficit in this type of reasoning. A multiple regression analysis revealed a five variable solution. In the equation, subjective extraordinary experiences, unusual experiences (from the schizotypy scale), need for autonomy, need for achievement, and introvertive anhedonia contributed standardized coefficients of .3, .23, .24, .22 and .13 respectively. The model explained 27 % of the variance. The findings of this study are consistent with a multicausal conception of paranormal belief. A model is proposed in which paranormal beliefs can stem from a variety of factors and, as they develop, a reciprocal interaction between experience and belief arises, contributing to their definitive accommodation in the individual’s psychology. The identification and exploration of contributing factors to the development and maintenance of the paranormal belief has been very fruitful in the last decades. In addition, the explanatory hypotheses raised by the researchers do not seem to be mutually exclusive. Therefore, the simultaneous consideration of these could be a successful approach in future studies. The elaboration of an explanatory model that contemplates both the multicausality and the multidimensionality of the phenomenon could provide a qualitative leap in the area.

Resumen La literatura muestra una amplia gama de teorías y factores que contribuyen a la formación y mantenimiento de creencias paranormales. En este estudio se analiza una serie de variables relacionadas con las principales explicaciones propuestas en una muestra de 184 sujetos. La esquizotipia (rxy = .23, p < .001), las experiencias inusuales (rxy = .37, p < .001), la anhedonia introvertida (rxy = .28, p < .001), la habilidad de razonamiento condicional en tareas con contenido paranormal (rxy = .23, p = .001), la necesidad de afiliación (rxy = .21, p = .002) y la vivencia de experiencias extraordinarias subjetivas (rxy = .35, p < .001) correlacionaron significativamente con la creencia en lo paranormal. Los resultados son consistentes con la teoría de la compensación de necesidades de Russell y Jones (1980) e indican que la ideología puede aparecer asociada a signos premórbidos y/o ser consecuencia de psicopatología. Sin embargo, sugieren que la creencia en lo paranormal puede no ser consecuencia de una deficiencia de razonamiento probabilístico y/o condicional. Se sugiere un modelo integrador basado en el feedback entre creencia y experiencia.

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is defined as a failure of the anti-reflux barrier that leads to abnormally high digestive secretions passing into the esophagus, which produces symptoms of esophageal and extra-esophageal damage. The physiological mechanisms that prevent reflux are clearance, the lower esophageal sphincter and the right gastric emptying. Failure in these defense mechanisms leads to gastroesophageal reflux. Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease has been in constant evolution over the past 70 years. Nissen fundoplication, Belsey’s and Hill gastropexy have been studied and modified over time, and with different approaches. An effective treatment is to reduce acid secretion of the stomach with either an H2 receptor antagonist or a proton pump inhibitor. The dose depends on the severity of each patient: the greater the esophageal exposure to acid, the greater will be the degree of suppression required to cure it. There is currently much debate about the benefits of the medical or surgical treatments, and the role of laparoscopic surgery as a first-time or second approach. The objective of this paper is to determine the surgical and medical treatment options currently available.

Resumen: La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico se define como una falla de la barrera antirreflujo que determina un paso anormal de secreciones digestivas altas al esófago y produce síntomas con daño esofágico y extraesofágico. Los mecanismos fisiológicos que impiden el reflujo son el aclaramiento, el esfínter esofágico inferior y el vaciamiento gástrico adecuado. El fracaso en estos mecanismos de defensa permite el reflujo gastroesofágico. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico ha estado en constante evolución durante los últimos 70 años. La funduplicatura de Nissen, la de Belsey y la gastropexia de Hill han sido estudiadas y modificadas con el paso del tiempo; se han realizado diferentes tipos de abordajes. Un tratamiento efectivo es reducir la secreción ácida del estómago, bien sea con antagonistas de los receptores H2, bien con inhibidores de la bomba de protones; la dosis dependerá de la severidad de cada paciente, ya que cuanto mayor sea la exposición esofágica al ácido, mayor será el grado de supresión que se requerirá para sanar. Actualmente existe mucho debate en cuanto a los beneficios del tratamiento médico frente al quirúrgico y el papel de la laparoscopia como cirugía de primer tiempo o como segundo abordaje. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar las opciones terapéuticas quirúrgicas y médicas que tenemos actualmente en nuestro medio.

We describe and illustrate two new taxa of Bursera from the Cape Region in the southern sector of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. One is named B. littoralis and the other B. rupicola. The former is morphologically related to B. filicifolia and B. laxiflora of the southern peninsula and still with B. ribana of western Mexico, but differs in its smaller leaves and leaflets, the shrubby habit with dense and intricate branching, and in its habitat on the coastal dunes. The second taxon is related to B. epinnata of the southern peninsula, differing from it in its almost always unifoliolate, shiny, and membranaceous leaves with scattered simple and glandular trichomes, short inflorescences with few flowers and particularly in its shrubby growth habit with pendent branches. Both species belong to the Bullockia section, having a bilocular ovary, bivalvate fruit, well developed cataphylls, 4(5)-merous flowers, and non-exfoliating bark.

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevos taxa del género Bursera de la región de Los Cabos, en el extremo meridional de la Península de Baja California, México. Uno de estos es designado como B. littoralis y el otro como B. rupicola. El primero tiene cierta similitud con B. filicifolia y B. laxiflora del sur de la península e incluso con B. ribana del occidente del país, pero difiere de éstas por el menor tamaño de las hojas y folíolos, tiene también un porte arbustivo con ramificación compacta e intrincada, y particularmente porque habita en la duna costera. El segundo taxon se relaciona con B. epinnata del sur de la península, distinguiéndose de ésta por presentar hojas casi siempre unifolioladas con folíolos membranáceos, brillantes, las inflorescencias cortas con menor número de flores, y particularmente por su hábito arbustivo de ramas colgantes. Ambas especies pertenecen a la sección Bullockia por tener el ovario 2-locular, fruto 2-valvado, catafilos manifiestos, flores 4(5)-meras y corteza no exfoliante.

Cyrtocarpa edulis var. glabra, an endemic taxon restricted to the southwestern portion of the Baja California Peninsula, is described and illustrated. This new variety only occurs along an arid coastal strip of the Pacific Ocean. The principal character by which it differs from the typical variety is the glabrous condition of the leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Se describe e ilustra a Cyrtocarpa edulis var. glabra, un taxon endémico restringido al sector sud-occidental de la Península de Baja California. Esta nueva variedad sólo ocupa una árida franja costera del Océano Pacífico. La principal característica que la hace diferir de la variedad típica es la condición glabra de las hojas, flores y frutos

ABSTRACT Behria tenuiflora Greene is an endemic taxon of the southern part of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The wild populations are distributed in an altitudinal range from the top of the mountains at 2200 m to practically the sea level. In this paper we neotypify B. tenuiflora since the type specimen is lost. A detailed description and an illustration of the plant are included.

RESUMEN Behria tenuiflora Greene es un taxon endémico del sector meridional de la península de Baja California, México. Las poblaciones naturales se distribuyen en un intervalo altitudinal que comprende desde la cima de las montañas a 2200 m de elevación hasta prácticamente el nivel del mar. En este trabajo se neotipifica a B. tenuiflora, ya que el material original se encuentra desaparecido. Se incluye una descripción detallada y una ilustración de la planta.